How do you describe a nickel cadmium battery discharge?

To describe accurately the nickel–cadmium battery discharge, one needs knowing the mechanisms of processes occurring at the battery electrodes during the discharge. According to the modern concepts, electrode processes in the nickel-oxide electrode pass by a solid-state mechanism, without the nickel ion intermediate transfer into solution.

How stable is a nickel cadmium battery?

Nickel–cadmium batteries, unlike some other battery systems, show very stable voltage of 1.2 V for the majority of the discharge process up to the point where there is a “knee” in the curve and a sharp drop at the end of discharge (Fig. 4.6). The point when the battery reaches 0.9 V is considered the end of discharge and full capacity.

Why do nickel cadmium batteries lose performance?

The suggested model of discharge of nickel–cadmium batteries with positive and negative electrodes of different design allows elucidating the reasons of the battery performance degradation, e.g., with the increasing of discharge current.

What is a nickel oxide cadmium battery model?

The model includes the analysis of processes in the positive nickel-oxide and negative cadmium electrodes; it allows estimating the dependence of the electrode polarization and the battery voltage on the electrolyte concentration, the discharge current density, and the design features of the electrodes.

Can a nickel cadmium battery be used in a PV system?

It is therefore usual to specify that a nickel–cadmium battery in a PV system has a maximum DOD of 90%. Industrial nickel–cadmium batteries used in PV systems are normally of the open type designed for standby use at low discharge rates. They may be of the pocket-plate or fibre-plate type.

What is the cycle life of a nickel cadmium battery?

Nickel–cadmium batteries are the best of the four main battery system in terms of cycle life and can routinely reach over 1000 cycles. The most important operational factors affecting cycle life are depth of discharge, temperature, and overcharging conditions.