What is a lithium-based battery sustainability framework?

By providing a nuanced understanding of the environmental, economic, and social dimensions of lithium-based batteries, the framework guides policymakers, manufacturers, and consumers toward more informed and sustainable choices in battery production, utilization, and end-of-life management.

Are lithium-based batteries sustainable?

The sustainability of lithium-based batteries can vary significantly based on temporal and geographical contexts due to differences in energy mixes, technological advancements, and regulatory environments. The review might not be easily generalizable across different regions and time periods.

Which lithium-ion battery pack is the most environmentally friendly?

The lithium-ion battery pack with NMC cathode and lithium metal anode (NMC-Li) is recognized as the most environmentally friendly new LIB based on 1 kWh storage capacity, with a cycle life approaching or surpassing lithium-ion battery pack with NMC cathode and graphite anode (NMC-C).

Do battery systems have a full lifecycle impact?

The complete lifecycle impacts of battery systems may be difficult to account for. While the majority of LCSA frameworks take into consideration the economic and environmental costs associated with the production, use, and disposal of batteries, they may not account for the full social impacts of battery systems.

Are battery life cycles sustainable?

In essence, an in-depth assessment of the sustainability of battery life cycles serves as an essential compass that directs us toward a cleaner and more sustainable energy landscape.

Does sulfur improve the environmental profile of Li-S batteries compared to Li-ion batteries?

The introduction of sulfur in cathode composition improves the environmental profile of Li-S batteries compared to Li-ion batteries. Li-S batteries show potential for use in electric vehicles, offering higher specific energies than Li-ion and reducing raw material requirements.