Can photovoltaic-energy storage-integrated charging stations improve green and low-carbon energy supply?

The results provide a reference for policymakers and charging facility operators. In this study, an evaluation framework for retrofitting traditional electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) into photovoltaic-energy storage-integrated charging stations (PV-ES-I CSs) to improve green and low-carbon energy supply systems is proposed.

Should PV-es-I CS systems be included in charging infrastructure subsidies?

At the same time, the peak shaving and valley filling benefits brought to the grid by energy storage systems should also be included within the scope of charging infrastructure subsidies. The energy yield and environmental benefits of clean electricity are crucial for the promotion of PV-ES-I CS systems in urban residential areas.

How much energy does a PV system lose per day?

The PV modules experience a daily energy loss of 1.37 kWh, while the energy loss caused by the system in the process of transmitting the power (e.g., inverters and cables) is 0.06 kWh per day. Table 2. Balances and main results.

How much energy does a PV-es-I CS system produce?

The simulation results also confirmed that due to the shading caused by high-rise buildings, the irradiance loss of the PV-ES-I CS system resulted in an energy production of only 15.39 MWh/year, and a reduction of only 183.9 tons of CO 2 emissions over the entire lifecycle.

How much energy does a charging station need?

Through simulation, we determined that the charging station needs to provide users with 181.868 MWh of energy annually, and in the first year, it would require purchasing 166.478 MWh of energy from the local electricity supply company (as shown in Table 2).

Can discarded batteries be used for PV-es-I CS?

Additionally, with the widespread adoption of EVs, the quantity of discarded batteries will sharply increase in the coming years. The government and investors can utilize these discarded batteries to build energy storage systems for PV-ES-I CS, which can not only lower investment costs but also effectively address battery recycling issues.