How are silicon wafers textured?

Following the initial pre-check, the front surface of the silicon wafers is textured to reduce reflection losses of the incident light. For monocrystalline silicon wafers, the most common technique is random pyramid texturing which involves the coverage of the surface with aligned upward-pointing pyramid structures.

How are multi-crystallin silicon wafers textured?

The texturing of multi-crystallin silicon wafers requires photolithography – a technique involving the engraving of a geometric shape on a substrate by using light – or mechanical cutting of the surface by laser or special saws. After texturing, the wafers undergo acidic rinsing (or: acid cleaning).

What are mono silicon solar wafers?

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What size is a monocrystalline silicon wafer?

Before 2010, monocrystalline silicon wafers were dominated by 125mm x 125mm width (165mm silicon ingot diameter) and only a small number at 156mm x 156mm (200mm silicon ingot diameter). After 2010, 156mm x 156mm wafers increasingly became the popular choice (lower cost per-watt) for p-Type monocrystalline and multicrystalline wafer sizes.

How do you Etch A monocrystalline silicon wafer?

For monocrystalline silicon wafers, the most common technique is random pyramid texturing which involves the coverage of the surface with aligned upward-pointing pyramid structures. This is achieved by etching and pointing upwards from the front surface.

How do you remove oxidized silicon from a wafer?

Using hydrogen fluoride (HF) vapor, oxidized silicon layers on the substrate can be etched away from the wafer surface. The result is a wet surface that can be easily dried. By using hydrogen chloride (HCl), metallic residues on the surface can be absorbed by the chloride and thus removed from the wafer.