Who makes lead-acid batteries in Brazil?

IBER quickly represented a large share of the Brazilian lead-acid battery manufacturers — by 2018, 75% of the lead-acid battery sales in Brazil were from companies represented by IBER (largely an effect of the economic concentration of a few states with ToCs like Sao Paulo), and it represents almost all major manufacturers and importers today. 15

When did lead-acid batteries need to be certified in Brazil?

On June 14th, 2012, INMETRO (Brazil’s National Institute of Metrology, Standardization and Industrial Quality) issued INMETRO Ordinance No. 299/2012. The ordinance established that all lead-acid batteries for vehicles sold in Brazil needed to be certified, and their manufacturers and importers needed to be registered with INMETRO.

Are lead-acid batteries safe in Sao Paulo?

In 2015, Sao Paulo’s Environmental Secretary passed Resolution No. 45/2015, which created reverse logistics requirements for products sold in the state that were potentially environmentally hazardous, including lead-acid batteries. On December 21st, 2016, a new term of commitment for lead-acid batteries went into effect.

How are secondary batteries recycled in Brazil?

According to Dias et al. (2018), recycling of secondary batteries in Brazil is limited to the initial stages of disassembly and separation, while the most complex components, rich in valuable metals, are mostly exported for processing abroad (USA, Belgium, Japan, the Netherlands, Singapore, Germany and Canada).

Does Brazil have a battery management model?

The present battery management model adopted in Brazil has contradictions and flaws, as discussed above. But one can not deny CONAMA’s merit in the initiative of passing a Regulation which is the first one in Latin America to regulate batteries.

Why does Brazil need a battery recycling industry?

The possible new demand for stationary lithium-ion batteries and partial electrifica-tion of the vehicle fleet, the constant consumption of portable electronics in Brazil, added to the scarcity of raw materials in and growing concern with environmental impacts prac-tically oblige the expansion of the battery recycling industry.