How much storage power does the US have?

As of 2016, the installed storage power capacities 4 in Europe, the U.S., and Germany are 52 GW, 24 GW, and 7 GW ( U. S. Department of Energy, 2018). About 95% of this capacity is provided by PHS (50 GW, 23 GW, 6.5 GW U. S. Department of Energy, 2018 ).

What is the required EES power capacity?

Based on a linear regression, the required EES power capacity is close to 6 and 9 GW/% VRE for the PV++, and 4–6 GW/% VRE for the PV + scenarios in Europe and the U.S. However, in Europe, having a power system with ratios of PV to wind above 6:1 seems unlikely. For Germany, only very few scenarios show PV-dominated systems.

What are the different types of electricity storage?

The latter include PHS, generic stationary battery systems, and H 2 storage. An important assumption of the study is that at least 80% of each country's electricity demand has to be supplied by national resources.

What is the required energy capacity for PV++ and wind++?

Similar to the EES power capacity, the required energy capacity is maximum in PV++ and minimum in Wind++ scenarios. Under increasing VRE shares, PV++ mixes require at most 1.0 to 2.9 and 0.9 to 3.5 TWh for Europe and the U.S. Systems strongly dominated by wind generation need at least 0.03 to 0.3 and 0.02 to 0.4 TWh for the same regions.

How much energy does a PV++ system need?

Under increasing VRE shares, PV++ mixes require at most 1.0 to 2.9 and 0.9 to 3.5 TWh for Europe and the U.S. Systems strongly dominated by wind generation need at least 0.03 to 0.3 and 0.02 to 0.4 TWh for the same regions. These energy capacity requirements are quite bounded.

How many GW of power is needed in Germany?

Here, Germany lies, with about 80 GW, in the expected range. Nevertheless, the spectrum of storage requirements is large in all these regions. This might be caused by power mixes that strongly rely on a single technology. 3.2. Impact of PV- and wind-dominated systems The generation profile has a large impact on flexibility technologies.