How do batteries work?

Batteries are made up of two parts. One part, the anode, “holds on” to its electrons very loosely. The other part is the cathode, and it has a strong pull on the electrons and holds them tightly. Electricity is generated when electrons move from the anode (– end) to the cathode (+ end).

How does a rechargeable battery work?

The flow of electrons is reversed by providing electrical energy to the battery, driving the reduction reaction at the anode and oxidation at the cathode. This replenishes the chemical potential in the battery, storing energy. Notably, this process applies to rechargeable batteries like lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries. 3.

What are the components of a battery?

There are three main components of a battery: two terminals made of different chemicals (typically metals), the anode and the cathode; and the electrolyte, which separates these terminals. The electrolyte is a chemical medium that allows the flow of electrical charge between the cathode and anode.

What is the process of charging a battery?

The process of charging a battery is essentially the reverse of discharging. The flow of electrons is reversed by providing electrical energy to the battery, driving the reduction reaction at the anode and oxidation at the cathode. This replenishes the chemical potential in the battery, storing energy.

How do secondary batteries work?

Secondary batteries can be used in two ways: The first is as energy storage devices. In this application, they are electrically connected to a main energy source, charged by it, and then supply energy when required. Examples include Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) and Uninterrupted Power Supplies (UPS).

How do lithium ion batteries work?

When you unplug the power and use your laptop or phone, the battery switches into reverse: the ions move the opposite way and the battery gradually loses its charge. Read more in our main article on how lithium-ion batteries work.