What are the challenges faced by electric vehicle batteries?

Sustainable supply of battery minerals and metals for electric vehicles. Clean energy integration into the whole value chain of electric vehicle batteries. Environmental, social, and governance risks encumber the mining industry. The hindrances to creating closed-loop systems for batteries.

Is the EU Industrial Policy on batteries effective?

84 Overall, we conclude that the Commission’s promotion of an EU industrial policy on batteries has been effective, despite shortcomings on monitoring, coordination and targeting, as well as the fact that access to raw materials remains a major strategic challenge for the EU’s battery value chain.

Why do we need a new battery subsidy policy?

In addition to annually reducing the amount of subsidy for public and private purchases, these policy adjustments also imposed more stringent technical requirements (e.g., energy density, driving range, etc.) for receiving subsidies in order to promote the development of core battery technologies by the domestic firms (policy aims at low-levels).

Why is battery development important for the EU?

The development and production of batteries has become a strategic imperative for the EU, enabling the clean energy transition and as a key component of the competitiveness of the automotive sector. To help the EU become a global leader in sustainable battery production and use, in 2018 the Commission published a strategic action plan on batteries.

Why are EU Battery manufacturers facing a looming shortage of raw materials?

From 2030 onwards, EU manufacturers face a looming shortage of battery raw materials. This is due to the combined effects of an increase in global demand, driven mostly by the electrification of road transport and the limitations of the EU’s domestic supply of raw materials, which is both scarce and rigid.

How does reuse affect the environmental impact of EOL batteries?

The trend of reuse considerably contributes to decreasing the environmental impacts of EOL batteries both in the short- and medium-terms. Reuse, the second-life application, is to disassemble and repurpose spent EV batteries and use them in renewable energy technologies as 80–85 % of their original energy capacity still remains .