Can Ito be used as a front electrode in thin film solar cells?

Nevertheless, the usage of ITO has been found to be limited as front electrodes in thin film silicon solar cells due to its sustainability issue in H 2 plasma and less abundance of indium.

What can we learn from amorphous silicon thin film solar cells?

Of course, we can learn from the development experience of amorphous silicon thin film solar cells to increase the optical path inside the device by using a back reflective layer or texturing on the surface of glass substrate , thus minimizing the absorption loss.

Why do thin film solar cells have pinholes?

In the field of thin film solar cells, pinholes are a common problem. As shown in Fig. 21, there are pinholes in the absorber layer, the metal in the back contact can fill the pinholes, so it will directly contact with the p-n junction and create a direct or a weak shunting of the p-n junction.

How P-i-n solar cells can be prepared using a metal top electrode?

This sequence of layers has been used to prepare efficient thin film opaque p-i-n solar cells using a Ag metal top electrode (it is referred to as p-i-n because the positive charge carriers are extracted at the electrode of light incidence and the negative charge carriers to the counter electrode). [ 16]

Can azo film be used as front electrode in a-Si-H solar cells?

On the other hand, the average transmission for single layer 900 nm thick AZO films was found to be as 76.57 and 82.77% in the wavelength region of 350–800 and 400–800 nm of incident light; indicating the usability as front electrode in single junction a-Si:H solar cells due to featuring such higher optical transparency.

Can graphene-based electrodes improve solar cell performance?

The device exhibited an average PCE of 12.02 % on the graphene side and 11.65 % on the ITO side, indicating the promising capability of graphene-based electrodes in enhancing solar cell performance.