What is a solid-state sodium battery?

When coupled with NaCrO 2 and vapor-grown carbon fibers (VGCF) as the cathode, Na 3 PS 4 as the solid electrolyte, and Na–Sn as the anode, the solid-state sodium batteries delivered a high capacity of 101 mAh g −1 and an exceptional first-cycle Coulombic efficiency of 97.1 % at room temperature.

Can solid-state sodium batteries replace lithium-ion batteries?

Solid-state sodium batteries are among the most promising candidates for replacing conventional lithium-ion batteries for next-generation electrochemical energy storage systems. Their advantages include abundant Na resources, lower cost, enhanced safety, and high energy density.

Is sodium metal a promising anode for solid-state sodium batteries?

Sodium metal has been considered as the promising anode for solid-state sodium batteries because of the low electrochemical potential (−2.71 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode) and high theoretical capacity (1166 mAh g −1) . However, the demonstrated capacity and cycling stability of fabricated batteries are not outstanding.

Are solid-state sodium metal batteries safe?

Solid-state sodium metal batteries (SSMBs) are considered as one of the critical technologies for safe and high-energy-density batteries. However, most SSMBs encounter poor cycling performance due to the sluggish charge transfer processes across the solid-solid interfaces.

What is a Technology Strategy assessment on sodium batteries?

This technology strategy assessment on sodium batteries, released as part of the Long-Duration Storage Shot, contains the findings from the Storage Innovations (SI) 2030 strategic initiative.

How do sulfide-based solid-state sodium batteries increase energy density?

Therefore, for sulfide-based solid-state sodium batteries, the increase in energy density can be divided into two directions: to optimize the composition and interface to improve the rate performance of sulfur and transition metal sulfides, and to introduce high-voltage cathode materials. Fig. 6.