What are the working principles of a smart battery?

Herein, the working principles of smart responses, smart self-charging, smart electrochromic as well as smart integration of the battery are summarized. Thus, this review enables to inspire researchers to design the novel functional battery devices for extending their application prospects.

How smart batteries work?

Sensing technology is the core support of smart batteries because it can monitor and reflect on the physical field information within the batteries. Thus, it can accurately diagnose the working state and operating environment of the batteries in real time.

What is the role of electrode material in smart battery system?

On the basis of considering the chemical reversibility and stability, the functional design of electrode material also plays an important role in achieving the smart battery system. And this issue would determine the application of smart energy storage devices in wearable electronic devices or other intelligent fields in future.

What is the future development direction for smart batteries?

It can be envisioned that the future development direction will primarily concentrate on the distributed design of their combined integration, which is essential for enabling smart batteries to attain advanced autonomous decision-making capabilities.

How do sensors and smart materials work in a battery?

During the internal state perception phase within the battery, both implanted sensors and smart materials integrated into the application are capable of detecting changes in the battery’s internal information. The crucial distinction lies in how these perceived internal parameters are handled.

What is a battery decision-making function?

Finally, the decision-making function has the capacity for self-discipline, learning, scientific prediction, and self-maintenance, making the battery capable of self-diagnosis, self-regulation, and control based on collected complex operating-state information and building a thinking system for the battery.