What causes a battery to heat up?

The primary source of heat generation within these batteries stems from the exothermic reactions and ohmic losses occurring in the solid and electrolyte phases during the charging and discharging processes. This increase in temperature within the battery cell is due to the interplay of thermal effects within the cell.

What happens if a battery fails?

If the electrochemical reaction cannot proceed normally, it results in a decrease in the charge and discharge performance of the battery, thereby affecting its overall life and safety . In cold environments or regions, severe capacity degradation can lead to battery failure.

What happens if a battery gets too hot?

In more severe cases, excessive heat can cause the dissolution of the battery's structural components and the decomposition of the electrolyte. These thermal and chemical breakdowns can trigger a series of adverse side reactions within the battery, ultimately leading to BTR [112, 113].

What happens if a battery temperature distribution is uneven?

Uneven temperature distribution will result in uneven current and SOC distribution, which in turn leads to the fading of batteries electrochemical properties, furtherly the local accelerated aging. To this end, the design of heating strategy needs to consider the uniformity of battery temperature distribution.

How to avoid over-voltage of a power battery?

In the charging heating method, to avoid the over-voltage of the battery, the voltage of the power battery must be strictly limited, and the limitation seriously restricts the flexibility of the heating and the heating effect (Fig. 32).

What happens if battery temperature exceeds normal operating range?

When the battery temperature exceeds the normal operating range, it accelerates the degradation of the battery's capacity and causes significant power loss. This thermal stress affects the electrochemical stability of the battery, leading to a reduction in its service life.