How can hydrogen-bond chemistry improve the performance of rechargeable batteries?

How to improve the comprehensive performance of rechargeable batteries is a challenging topic for a low-carbon background. Among various improved strategies, the application of hydrogen-bond chemistry in rechargeable batteries has attracted increased attention in recent years due to its flexible designability and high effectiveness.

Can a hydrogen fuel vehicle be powered by a fuel cell?

For hydrogen fuel vehicles, the hydrogen in the tank must be reconverted into electric power, which is done through fuel cell. According to the U.S. Department of Energy, the fuel cell technology has the potential of achieving 60% of efficiency, with most of the rest of the energy lost as heat (U.S. Department of Energy, 2011).

Where is energy stored in a battery?

Energy is stored in the bonds holding inner shell electrons, but this energy is not converted to electricity in batteries or fuel cells. The concept of charge density, ρch in units C m3, was first introduced in section 1.6.1, and it shows up in Gauss's law, one of Maxwell's equations.

How do rechargeable batteries store energy?

Through the process of charging and discharging cycles, batteries can reliably store a large amount of electrical energy, providing a dependable energy supply.,, The energy storage/release of rechargeable batteries is achieved by reversible redox reactions, which involve the change of bonds (for example, the breakage and formation of bonds).

Why do batteries have more electrons than fuel cells?

Batteries and fuel cells necessarily have more electrons than are included in these measures because inner shell electrons, which do not participate in the chemical reaction, are ignored. Energy is stored in the bonds holding inner shell electrons, but this energy is not converted to electricity in batteries or fuel cells.

What is the role of hydrogen bond in energy storage devices?

Since the hydrogen bond (HB) was proposed and confirmed by chemists in the 1920s, it has played a very important role in the fields of chemistry, biology, physics, and materials. However, the role of HBs in energy-storage devices has long been neglected.