How solar energy is used in buildings in China?

In China, solar energy application in the buildings has experienced three phases. The first solar energy utilization in the building industry is passive sunspace, which simply collects and distributes solar energy through application of buildings orientation, structure and materials. The second stage of solar energy utilization in the

When were passive solar buildings developed in China?

The research and development of passive solar buildings in China began in the1990s. In 1992, Zhang summarized the construction requirements of passive solar buildings according to the real construction experience in the rural area . In 1993, Wang and Liu conducted an applicability analysis of developing passive solar buildings in China .

What are the applications of solar energy in building industry?

There are many applications for the direct and indirect utilization of solar energy, and the most extensive utilization is in building industry and related fields. In China, the main solar energy uses in building industry involve solar water heater, solar heating buildings, solar refrigeration, air conditioners and

Why are ultra-low energy buildings a problem in China?

With the acceleration of China’s urbanization process and the improvement of people’s living standards , as well as the increasingly stringent requirements for energy conservation and emission reduction, ultra-low energy buildings are also facing some problems and challenges in the process of rapid promotion and application .

How efficient is China's solar energy production?

With regard to technology research and development, the latest photoelectric conversion efficiency of China’s mass production of silicon solar cell has reached more than 25%, which is the world’s leading level (Chen et al. 2022). Figure 3. Global top 10 solar PV markets, 2021–2022 (source: author drawing based on solar power Europe 2023).

How has China's photovoltaic power generation progressed?

With the joint efforts of all parties, China's photovoltaic power generation has achieved rapid development, and the scale of development and construction has continued to expand.