What are the drivers to develop circular business models in lithium-ion battery market?

Answering the second research question, “ What are the main drivers to develop circular business models in the lithium-ion battery market?”, “National and international regulation and policies” followed by “Economic benefits” are considered the main drivers for developing CBMs in the LIB market.

What are the barriers to Circular business models of lithium-ion batteries?

Barriers importance for circular business models of lithium-ion batteries. The experts stress that similar to the drivers' findings, most barriers are linked; therefore, identifying a sole dominant barrier is not expected to occur. The highest-rated barrier was “Financial”, reflecting challenges such as incentives and financial viability.

How can we improve remanufacturing and second use practices of lithium-ion batteries?

Future research should focus on more in-depth analyses of the assessment categories presented, for example, by studying the value creation and capture in circular business models to upscale the remanufacturing and second use practices of lithium-ion batteries, including empirical data analysis.

Are spent lithium-ion batteries a circular economy?

As regulations and economic factors are ranked the highest by the expert panel, this is a clear indication that currently, the circular economy practice of spent lithium-ion batteries needs development at a system level in parallel with the growth of spent battery volumes. 6.3. Limitations and further research

What are the research questions (RQ) for lithium-ion battery life management?

Therefore, the following Research Questions (RQ): RQ1: What are the circular business models that have the highest potential in the context of lithium-ion battery lifetime management? RQ2: What are the main drivers to develop circular business models in the lithium-ion battery market?

What is a battery extension business model?

The extension of battery life (and their sub-components) can also apply when the batteries are in their second life. This goal is typically achieved through practices such as maintenance, repair, upgrading, and refurbishing. As a result, these archetype business models minimize waste and reduce the demand for new resources.