How efficient is a solar cell in open-air?

With the experimental planning guided by the BO framework with knowledge constraints, we achieved an 18.5%-efficient solar cell in open-air after optimizing six process variables for perovskite deposition, conducting 5 experimental rounds and screening 100 process conditions.

Can open-air photovoltaic (PV) modules be scalable and fast?

This work demonstrates the first industrially relevant attempt to address both scalable and fast open-air photovoltaic (PV) module manufacturing for the perovskite layer in a single-step conversion and at production speeds >10 m/min, to achieve the highest reported throughput of any solar technology.

Can perovskite solar modules be made open-air?

We report on the open-air fabrication of perovskite solar modules with key advances, including scalable large-area spray deposition, new monolithic integration scribing techniques, advanced photoluminescence characterization, and reproducible high-throughput manufacturability.

What is the cost analysis of polymer solar cells?

The cost analysis of polymer solar cells thus necessarily has to include an evaluation of the impact the production and the product has on the surroundings. This implies that the simplest and least harmful production process and conditions should be sought.

Can open-air rapid spray plasma processing optimize perovskite solar cells?

In the case of optimizing perovskite solar cells by the open-air rapid spray plasma processing (RSPP) technique, the proposed framework enables a faster optimization in comparison with other conventional researcher-driven design-of-experiment methods.

What is a solar module shaped as a concentric ring?

In order to achieve a reasonable module voltage, and to minimize sheet-resistive losses, the module was chosen as a serial connection of individual solar cells shaped as concentric rings (shown as a side view in Fig. 2 and as the printed active layer in Fig. 4 ).