What are the different types of thin-film batteries?

There are four main thin-film battery technologies targeting micro-electronic applications and competing for their markets: ① printed batteries, ② ceramic batteries, ③ lithium polymer batteries, and ④ nickel metal hydride (NiMH) button batteries. 3.1. Printed batteries

What is the electrochemical performance of thin-film printed batteries?

The electrochemical performance of thin-film printed batteries depends on the chemistry. The zinc–manganese chemistry is essentially applied in single-use applications, although some companies, including Imprint Energy and Printed Energy, are developing rechargeable zinc–manganese printed batteries.

How do thin-film batteries work?

The mechanism of the thin-film batteries is that ions migrate from the cathode to the anode charging and storing absorbed energy and migrating back to the cathode from the anode during discharge and thereby releasing energy .

Are printed batteries suitable for thin-film applications?

In the literature, printed batteries are always associated with thin-film applications that have energy requirements below 1 A·h. These include micro-devices with a footprint of less than 1 cm 2 and typical power demand in the microwatt to milliwatt range (Table 1) , , , , , , , .

What should a thin-film battery look like?

They also should have a relatively smooth surface. Each component of the thin-film batteries, current collector, cathode, anode, and electrolyte is deposited from the vapor phase. A final protective film is needed to prevent the Li-metal from reacting with air when the batteries are exposed to the environment.

What are thin-film batteries used for?

Thin-film batteries have a wide area of applications covering the Internet of Things (IoT), implantable medical devices, integrated circuit cards, smart watches, radio-frequency identifier (RFID) tags, remote sensors, smart building control, astronomical mirrors and other wireless devices.